TradingSolutions Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Parameters
Data that is put into a function definition or entry/exit system to produce a new value. Also referred to as inputs.
Partially Recurrent Network
A recurrent neural network that also includes a non-recurrent feedforward processing path.
& For help with neural network topologies, see the help for the Modify Field Dialog: Prediction Model page.
Pass
When training a prediction in TradingSolutions, this refers to the number of unique attempts a model will be trained. Each pass begins with a random set of training weights, allowing the network to train for an optimal solution from different starting conditions each time. After all of the passes have been trained, only the set of training weights that produced the best results is kept.
PE
See Processing Element or Price/Earnings Ratio.
PE Ratio
See Price/Earnings Ratio.
Performance Surface
A graph of all of the training weights of a neural network against the average error those weights would produce. A neural network with two training weights would create a three dimensional graph with one axis for each training weight and one axis for the average error.
Pending Fields
Fields that still need processing. Processing is required after fields are created or modified. It is also required after new data is imported.
Periodicity
The number of minutes or days to include in each High / Low / Open / Close bar. Periodicities can be "intraday", meaning new bars are produced every given number of minutes, or "end-of-day", meaning new bars are produced at the end of a day or set of days.
Population Size (Genetic Algorithms Usage)
The number of chromosomes in each generation during genetic optimization.
& For help with optimization, see Optimizing Signals and Predictions.
Portfolio
In TradingSolutions, the collection of all of the data you have available for processing and analysis.
& For help with the Portfolio View, see Managing Data with the Portfolio View.
Portfolio View
A window in TradingSolutions that displays all of the data series that are currently in your portfolio. The Portfolio View can also have display fields to display and sort current evaluations of those data series.
& For help with the Portfolio View, see Managing Data with the Portfolio View.
Postprocessing
Processing that takes place after a main processing action. When defining a prediction of an entry/exit signal, postprocessing can be used to convert the raw output of the neural network into a usable signal.
& For help with predictions, see Predicting and Modeling Financial Data.
Postprocessing Optimization
The genetic optimization of the settings for postprocessing predicted signals.
& For help with optimization, see Optimizing Signals and Predictions.
Predicted Field
A field that uses a neural network on a set of inputs to produce a result.
Prediction
A set of one or more fields that are produced by a single neural network model. Typically, one prediction will produce only one predicted field. However, predictions can be created that produce multiple outputs.
& For help with predictions, see Predicting and Modeling Financial Data.
Premium
The price an investor pays the writer of an option above the intrinsic value of the option.
Preprocessing
Processing that takes place before a main processing action. When defining a prediction, preprocessing can be used to make data more usable by the neural network. This term also appears in the Status Dialog to indicate that the raw output of a neural network is being analyzed before postprocessing occurs.
& For help with predictions, see Predicting and Modeling Financial Data.
Price/Earnings Ratio (PE Ratio)
The ratio of the price of a stock to the earnings per share for the underlying company.
Primary Signal
A signal designation typically used to indicate the signal you are currently trading for a data series.
& For help with special signals, see Primary, Secondary, and Service Signals.
Processing Complete
Processing Element (PE)
The processing of an input to an axon in a neural network. In hidden layers, these processing elements typically include nonlinear processing that transforms the value to fit a wider array of solutions than it would as a straight line. The number of processing elements that a hidden layer axon has in neural network indicates the number of different combinations of inputs to the preceding synapse that the axon has available. In TradingSolutions, the input axon is considered to have a number of processing elements equal to the number of inputs. The output axon is considered to have a number equal to the number of outputs.
& For help with neural network settings, see the help for the Advanced Topology Settings Dialog.
Production Set
A set of data sometimes used during the analysis of a neural network. A production set is a secondary set of out-of-sample data and acts like a second testing test. The theory is that if you manually adjust or select your neural network models based on their performance in the testing set, then that data is no longer truly out-of-sample.
TradingSolutions does not provide an automated way to produce and analyze a production set. However, the date range of any prediction can be adjusted to allow for extra out-of-sample data after the testing set. The signal analysis range of predicted signals can then be adjusted to view the desired range of data.
Profit
The amount by which the equity has increased.
Profit Factor
The profit generated by profitable trades divided by the losses generated by losing trades. A value of 2 would indicate that twice as much money was made from winning trades than was lost from losing trades. Higher values indicate less risk.
Property Page
A sub-page inside of a dialog. Individual property pages are typically selected using tab controls at the top of a dialog.
& For help with property pages, see the help for Property Pages.
Prophet or ProphetFinance.com
A data service from which data can be imported directly into TradingSolutions.
& For help using ProphetFinance.com, see Importing Data from ProphetFinance.com.
Protected
A designation on functions and entry/exit systems that indicates that the definition is marked as protected from changes. For function definitions, this setting can be changed on the Modify Function Definition Dialog. For entry/exit systems, this setting can be changed on the Modify Entry/Exit System Dialog .
Protective Stop
See Stop Order.
Put Option (Options Trading Usage)
An option contract that gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying security at a specific price on or before a specific date. In the case or European options, the purchase must occur on a specific date.